Kent Formunun Çocukların Vakit Geçirdikleri Yerlere Etkisi: Ankara’dan Kesitsel Bir Araştırma

Yazarlar

  • Senanur Yaman Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi
  • Simay Canatar Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi
  • Aydan Güler Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi
  • Neşe Aydın Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi
  • Yücel Can Severcan Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aktivite günlüğü- Çocuk- Çocuk yerleri- Kent formu- Kentsel tasarım

Özet

Bu çalışma, Ankara’da farklı mahallelerde yaşayan 9-14 yaş arasındaki çocukların yaşadıkları çevrenin sokak bağlantısallık, arazi kullanım çeşitliliği ve yeşil alan oranının çocukların mahallelerindeki vakit geçirdikleri yerlerin türüne etki edip etmediğini sorgulamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, 7 farklı mahallenin idari sınırları içerisinde yer alan 15 devlet okulundan seçilen 9-14 yaş arasındaki 1073 çocukla yapılan aktivite günlüğü çalışmalarına ve söz konusu okulların çevrelerinin ilgili kent formu özellikleri bağlamında CBS kullanılarak karşılaştırmalı analizine dayanmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları, güçlü sokak bağlantısallığından ziyade yaşanılan çevredeki yeşil alan oranın yüksek olmasının çocukları kamusal açık alanlara çekmede daha etkili olduğuna ve çocukları daha çok doğada bulunmalarına teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sokak bağlantısallığının ve arazi kullanım çeşitliliğinin artmasının çocukların vakit geçirdiği yerlerde bir çeşitlenmeye neden olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, çocukların ev dışındaki alanlarda daha fazla vakit geçirmesinde yaşanılan çevrenin sokak bağlantısallık, arazi kullanım çeşitliliği ve yeşil alan oranı kadar vakit geçirilen kamusal alanların niteliklerinin de etkili olabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

İndirmeler

İndirme verileri henüz mevcut değil.

Referanslar

Abebe, Y., Kabir, G., & Tesfamariam, S. (2018). Assessing urban areas vulnerability to pluvial flooding using GIS applications and Bayesian Belief Network model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1629-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.066.

Aziz, N. F., & Said, I. (2017). The trends and influential factors of children's use of Outdoor Environments: A Review. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 2(5), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i5.226

Badland, H., & Schofield, G. (2005). Transport, urban design, and physical activity: an evidence-based update. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 10(3), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2004.12.001

Bao, W. W., Yang, B. Y., Zou, Z. Y., Ma, J., Jing, J., Wang, H. J., ... & Chen, Y. J. (2021). Greenness surrounding schools and adiposity in children and adolescents: findings from a national population-based study in China. Environmental Research, 192, 110289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110289

Bejleri, I., Steiner, R. L., Provost, R. E., Fischman, A., & Arafat, A. A. (2009). Understanding and mapping elements of urban form that affect children's ability to walk and bicycle to school: case study of Two Tampa Bay, Florida, Counties. Transportation Research Record, 2137(1), 148-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2137-16

Blakely, K. S. (1994). Parents' conceptions of social dangers to children in the urban environment. Children's Environments, 16-25.

Carroll, P., Witten, K., Kearns, R., & Donovan, P. (2015). Kids in the city: Children's use and experiences of urban neighbourhoods in Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of Urban Design, 20(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1044504

Castonguay, G., & Jutras, S. (2010). Children's use of the outdoor environment in a low-income Montreal neighborhood. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(1), 200-230.

Chawla, L. (1992). Childhood place attachments. Place Attachment, 12, 63-86.

Chawla, L. (2007). Childhood Experiences Associated with Care for the Natural World: A Theoretical Framework for Empirical Results. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4): 144-170.

Crosbie, T. (2006). Using activity diaries: Some methodological lessons. Journal of Research Practice, 2(1), D1-D1.

del Pulgar, C. P., Anguelovski, I., & Connolly, J. (2020). Toward a green and playful city: Understanding the social and political production of children's relational wellbeing in Barcelona. Cities, 96, 102438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102438

Driskell, D. (2002). Creating better cities with children and youth a manual for participation; most, management of social transformations. Earthscan Publications.

Evans, G. W. (2004). The environment of childhood poverty. American Psychologist, 59(2), 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.77

Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J., & Saelens, B. E. (2005). Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQ. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001

Gaster, S. (1991). Urban children's access to their neighborhood: Changes over three generations. Environment and Behavior, 23(1), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916591231004

Giles-Corti, B., Kelty, S. F., Zubrick, S. R., & Villanueva, K. P. (2009). Encouraging walking for transport and physical activity in children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 39(12), 995–1009. https://doi.org/10.2165/11319620-000000000-00000

Gul, Y., Sultan, Z., Moeinaddini, M., Ahmed Jokhio, G. (2019). Measuring the differences of neighbourhood environment and physical activity in gated and non-gated neighbourhoods in Karachi, Pakistan, Journal of Urban Design, 24(3), 494-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2018.1468216

Handy, S. (1996). Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1(2), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(96)00010-7

Hansson, U., & Roulston, S. (2017). Evaluations of diaries and GPS-enabled trackers to plot young peoples’ geographies – asking the participants what they think. Children's Geographies, 15(5), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1272915

Hart, R. (1979). Children’s Experience of Place. Irvington Publishers.

He, H., Li, T., Yu, Y., Lin, X. (2020). Associations between built environment characteristics and walking in older adults in a high-density city: A study from a Chinese megacity. Frontiers in Public Health, 686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.577140

Hillman, M., Adams, J., Whitelegg, J. (1990). One False Move, a Study of Children’s Independent Mobility. Policy Studies Institute, London.

Karsten, L., & Van Vliet, W. (2006). Children in the city: Reclaiming the street. Children, Youth and Environments, 16(1), 151-167.

Kyttä, M. (2002). Affordances of Children's Environments in the context of cities, small towns, suburbs and rural villages in Finland and Belarus. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22(1-2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0249

Lambert, A., Vlaar, J., Herrington, S., & Brussoni, M. (2019). What is the relationship between the neighbourhood built environment and time spent in outdoor play? A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 3840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203840

Larsen, K., Gilliland, J., Hess, P., Tucker, P., Irwin, J., & He, M. (2009). The influence of the physical environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children's mode of travel to and from school. American Journal of Public Health, 99(3), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2008.135319

Matthews, H., Limb, M. & Taylor, M. (2000). The ‘street as third space'. İçinde S.L. Holloway & G. Valentine (Eds.), Children's Geographies: Playing, Living, Learning (ss. 63-79). Routledge, London.

McCormick, R. (2017). Does access to green space impact the mental well-being of children: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 37, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.08.027

Moore, R., & Young, D. (1978). Childhood outdoors: Toward a social ecology of the landscape. Springer US.

Ozbil, A., Argin, G., & Yesiltepe, D. (2016). Pedestrian route choice by elementary school students: The role of street network configuration and pedestrian quality attributes in walking to school. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 4(2), 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2015.1123120

Perez, C., & Hart, R. A. (2017). Beyond playgrounds: planning for children’s access to the environment. İçinde P. F. Wilkinson (Eds.), Innovation in Play Environments (ss. 252-271). Routledge.

Pooley, C.G., Turnbull, J. & Adams, M. (2005). Kids in town: the changing action space and visibility of young people in urban areas. İçinde A. Schildt & D. Siegfried (Eds.), European cities, youth and the public sphere in the twentieth century (ss. 90-109). Historical Urban Studies. Ashgate.

Prezza, M., Pilloni, S., Morabito, C., Sersante, C., Alparone, F. R., & Giuliani, M. V. (2001). The influence of psychosocial and environmental factors on children's independent mobility and relationship to peer frequentation. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 11(6), 435-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.643

Raymund, J. F. (1995). From barnyards to backyards: An exploration through adult memories and children's narratives in search of an ideal playscape. Children's Environments, 362-380.

Sancar, F. H., & Severcan, Y. C. (2010). Children's places: rural–urban comparisons using participatory photography in the Bodrum peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Urban Design, 15(3), 293-324. http://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2010.487808

Severcan, Y. C. (2012). Children's attachment to public space in the context of urban regeneration: Effects of children's involvement in planning and design activities.

Severcan, Y. C. (2018). Changing places, changing childhoods: Regeneration and children’s use of place in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 55(10), 2179-2196. https://doi.dox.org/10.1177/0042098017711395

Smith, F., & Barker, J. (2000). Contested spaces: Children's experiences of out of school care in England and Wales. Childhood, 7(3), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568200007003005

Smith, M., Cui, J., Ikeda, E., Mavoa, S., Hasanzadeh, K., Zhao, J., ... & Kyttä, M. (2021). Objective measurement of children's physical activity geographies: A systematic search and scoping review. Health & Place, 67, 102489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102489

Spilsbury, J. C. (2005). Children’s perceptions of the social support of neighborhood institutions and establishments. Human Organization, 64(2), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.64.2.p99qeup9qebu6wv5

Sun, S., Cao, W., Qiu, H., Ran, J., Lin, H., Shen, C., ... & Tian, L. (2020). Benefits of physical activity not affected by air pollution: a prospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(1), 142-152. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz184

Tarango, S. A. (2022). Public Space Accessibility in Vulnerable Areas in Post-Covid Times. İçinde I. Garofolo, G. Bencini & A. Arenghi (Eds.), Transforming Our World Through Universal Design for Human Development: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Universal Design (UD2022) (s. 61-68). IOS Press.

Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (1998). Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916598301001

Valentine, G., & McKendrick, J. (1997). Children's outdoor play: Exploring parental concerns about children's safety and the changing nature of childhood. Geoforum, 28(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(97)00010-9

Veitch J., Salmon, J., & Ball K. (2008). Children's active free play in local neighborhoods: a behavioral mapping study. Health Education Research, 23(5), 870–879. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cym074

Veitch, J., Bagley, S., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2006). Where do children usually play? A qualitative study of parents’ perceptions of influences on children's active free-play. Health & Place, 12(4), 383-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.02.009

Wang, F., Wen, M., & Xu, Y. (2013). Population-adjusted street connectivity, urbanicity and risk of obesity in the US. Applied Geography, 41, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.03.006

Wridt, P. J. (2004). An historical analysis of young people's use of public space, parks and playgrounds in New York City. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 86-106.

Europe. Birkhäuser.

Ek Dosyalar

Yayınlanmış

2023-05-30

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Yaman, S., Canatar, S. ., Güler, A. ., Aydın, N. ., & Severcan, Y. C. (2023). Kent Formunun Çocukların Vakit Geçirdikleri Yerlere Etkisi: Ankara’dan Kesitsel Bir Araştırma. Türkiye Kentsel Morfoloji Ağı, (IV. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Konya), 820–835. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://tnum.org.tr/index.php/tnum/article/view/266

Funding data