Mekânsal Sansür: Kentte Marjinalliğin Morfolojik İncelemesi, Adana Genelevi Örneği
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Genelevler- Marjinal mekân- Mekânsal dışlama- Kentsel morfolojiÖzet
Kent, mekânsal dokuyu oluşturan çok sayıda tipolojik form elemanı ve birçok farklı programatik katmanla birlikte insan uygarlığının ürettiği en karmaşık yapıya sahip oluşumdur. Modern kentlerde doku, yerel otoriteler ve devlet tarafından kontrol edilen standartlaştırılmış ve sterilize edilmiş mekânsal düzenler aracılığıyla yeniden üretilir. Bu bağlamda kent içerisinde yer alan marjinal alanlar (gecekondu bölgeleri, mülteci kampları, genelevler vb.), ‘meşru’ mekân dizimin kesintiye uğradığı ve deforme olduğu sapmalar olarak görülür. Marjinal mekanlar korkuya, ahlaki kaygılara ve şehrin imajına tehdit oluşturduğundan bir tür arınma stratejilerine dayalı kentsel politikalara maruz kalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda genelevler, tarihsel açıdan oldukça eski bir marjinal kentsel alan türü olarak, kamu düzenini sağlamak adına sistematik olarak farklı ahlaki temizlik biçimlerine tabi olagelmiştir Dışlama, tecrit, yerinden etme ve gizleme, bu “ahlaksız” bölgeleri ahlaki çoğunluğun gözünden ve bilincinden uzak tutmayı amaçlayan politika yapıcıların temel araçları arasındadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki yasal genelevler örneğinde, marjinal mekanların mekânsal dışlanması sorununa ve bu mekanlar alansallaşma dinamiklerine odaklanmaktadır. Kentsel kusur olarak kavramsallaştırdığımız bu marjinal mekânın morfolojik karakterini ortaya çıkarmak için ilk olarak Türkiye’deki aktif genelevlerin kentsel doku içindeki konumsal (merkez, iç çeper ve dış çeper) ilişkileri ve mekânsal yapıları analiz edilmiştir. Ülke genelinde örnekler üzerinden genel çerçevenin oluşturulmasının ardından Adana Genelevine yönelik bir odak çalışması yapılmıştır. Örneklem alanı, çok ölçekli bir bakış açısıyla yer seçim süreçleri, mekânsal yapı, mekân dizimi, arazi kullanım örüntüsü, görünürlük, tipo-morfolojik özellikleri ve sınır koşulları açısından incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, genelevin maruz kaldığı sosyopolitik tavır, dışlayıcı söylemler ve yerinden edilme pratikleri bir süreç olarak ele alınmış ve genelevlere yönelik ‘mekânsal sansür’ uygulamaları açığa çıkarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, konuyla ilgili olarak var olan sınırlı bilginin birikimini sosyolojik bakış açısından morfolojik bakışa genişleterek geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
İndirmeler
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